See rof in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rofen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "ruif"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "reuf"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roof"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ruif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruif"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ruif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:hrōf"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hrōf\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hrōf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"rof\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"rof\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English hrōf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English hrōf",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōfą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōfą",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hrōf, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōf, from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roof",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rooff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rouf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "roffe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "rhof",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "ruf",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "rof",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roves",
"pl2": "rofes"
},
"expansion": "rof (plural roves or rofes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 36 5 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Roofing",
"orig": "enm:Roofing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A roof (top of a building):",
"The outside of a roof; the rooftop."
],
"id": "en-rof-enm-noun-CbgabXgp",
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
],
[
"outside",
"outside"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"rooftop",
"rooftop"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 47 3 8 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 54 3 7 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 56 3 9 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 59 4 9 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 34 27 4 19",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings",
"orig": "enm:Buildings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 5 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Roofing",
"orig": "enm:Roofing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A roof (top of a building):",
"The inside of a roof; the ceiling."
],
"id": "en-rof-enm-noun-3veKaczW",
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
],
[
"inside",
"inside"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"ceiling",
"ceiling"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 40 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "enm:Construction",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A house or building; an inhabited structure."
],
"id": "en-rof-enm-noun-2s4G-V5O",
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"building",
"building"
],
[
"inhabit",
"inhabit"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 12 9 59 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 5 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Roofing",
"orig": "enm:Roofing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The top of the mouth; the palate."
],
"id": "en-rof-enm-noun-9XLQ9A8s",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any sort of cover, especially one that provides shelter."
],
"id": "en-rof-enm-noun-3MSehRbC",
"links": [
[
"sort",
"sort"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːf/"
}
],
"word": "rof"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Old English/oːf",
"Rhymes:Old English/oːf/1 syllable",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Buildings",
"enm:Construction",
"enm:Roofing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rofen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "ruif"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "reuf"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roof"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ruif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruif"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "ruif"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:hrōf"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hrōf\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hrōf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"rof\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"rof\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōf",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English hrōf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English hrōf",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōfą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōfą",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hrōf, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōf, from Proto-Germanic *hrōfą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rofes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roof",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rooff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rouf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "rofe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "roffe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "rhof",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "ruf",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "rof",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roves",
"pl2": "rofes"
},
"expansion": "rof (plural roves or rofes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A roof (top of a building):",
"The outside of a roof; the rooftop."
],
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
],
[
"outside",
"outside"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"rooftop",
"rooftop"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A roof (top of a building):",
"The inside of a roof; the ceiling."
],
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
],
[
"inside",
"inside"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"ceiling",
"ceiling"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A house or building; an inhabited structure."
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"building",
"building"
],
[
"inhabit",
"inhabit"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The top of the mouth; the palate."
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any sort of cover, especially one that provides shelter."
],
"links": [
[
"sort",
"sort"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːf/"
}
],
"word": "rof"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rof meaning in Middle English (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.